Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Vascular and Cardiac Involvement in a Young Patient with Non-Cirrhotic Hepatitis B: A Case Report

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascular malignancy with the potential for intravascular invasion. However, vascular extension into the cardiac chambers is extremely rare. Case Presentation: We present a 25-year-old male patient in whom the investigation of a cardiac murmur led to the discovery of an intracardiac mass that proved to be advanced-stage HCC with vascular invasion of the right heart. The patient had a previously unknown non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Despite antiviral therapy and systemic treatment for HCC, he eventually died about 1 month later due to disease progression. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of early HBV diagnosis and treatment for timely detection and management of HCC. Advanced-stage HCC, particularly with cardiac involvement, has an extremely poor prognosis.