A momentum quantification method for tennis matches based on t-SNE and k means clustering

Momentum is a crucial factor influencing the outcomes of sports competitions. This study proposes a method for visualising and quantifying momentum using various modern analytical techniques. These techniques include feature engineering, dimensionality reduction with the t-SNE algorithm, and k-means clustering. By analysing data from the past five years of Wimbledon, the study extracted various performance features such as serve success rate and scoring rate. By calculating the similarities between features and conducting cluster analysis, the study reveals changes in momentum during matches. This research employs data visualisation and clustering results to not only display the conditions of matches under different momentum states but also quantifies momentum changes by calculating the Euclidean distance between data points and cluster centroids and standardising these distances using the Z-score method. This approach provides a visual perspective that reveals the dynamic changes that occur within matches and quantifies momentum. It demonstrates that these changes in momentum can indeed reflect the progression and outcomes of matches.