Probiotics: common genera, mechanisms, current phase and the future

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. This review provides an introduction to the current probiotics field, including their isolation and engineering, some common genera, their actions, and their applications in industry and public. We discuss the source of isolation and techniques in engineering probiotics, their role in modulating gut health, evidences of their application in treating gastrointestinal disorders, and slightly covers their application outside of human. We also discussed their actions on gut microbiota, epithelial environment, and human gut-brain axis. Finally, we address the limitation of current probiotic products and their application, and brings up the future research directions in this field. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introductory review on the current probiotic field.