The effects of physical exercise on college students' anxiety: mediation of body esteem and moderation by gender

Abstract Objective This study investigated how physical exercise impacts anxiety levels in college students, with a particular emphasis on physical self-esteem as a mediating factor and gender as a moderating factor. Methods Data were collected from 1044 Chinese college students in a specific region using the Physical Activity Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Physical Self-Esteem Scale. Results (1)A significant inverse correlation was found between physical exercise levels and anxiety among college students.(2) Physical self-esteem served as a mediator in the relationship between physical exercise and anxiety levels, indicating that increased physical exercise enhances physical self-esteem, which in turn reduces anxiety levels. (3) Gender moderated the relationship between physical exercise and anxiety levels, with physical exercise being a stronger predictor of reduced anxiety in female college students than in male college students. Conclusion This research model offers a theoretical foundation for preventing and intervening in college students' anxiety and holds practical significance for improving their mental health.