Exploring the kaleidoscope: Ocular manifestations in leukaemia – A case series revelation

Leukaemia is a systemic cancer of the blood and blood-forming tissues that affects multiple organs. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the dominant leukaemia type in children and more than 50% of these patients can be cured. In adults, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) is the predominant myeloproliferative disorder, with lower survival rates. Around 35.4% of leukaemia patients present with leukaemic retinopathy. The purpose of the study is to present ocular manifestations in acute leukaemia. This report outlines the clinical presentations of three patients. Among them, one adult presented with AML at diagnosis, exhibiting ocular symptoms. Another adult, 6 months after diagnosis, experienced retrobulbar haemorrhage and leukaemic retinopathy. In addition, a paediatric patient, previously treated for ALL and in remission, developed unilateral vision loss, subsequently indicating disease relapse. During the diagnosis of acute leukaemia patients, it is recommended to conduct a thorough ophthalmic evaluation, which should include a dilated fundus examination, as ocular involvement in these patients is prevalent and may occasionally be asymptomatic.