The Concept of Recidivism for Juvenile Criminal Offenders in Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Indonesian Criminal Code

The Juvenile Criminal Justice System (JCJS) in Indonesia is inextricably linked to the country's Criminal Law Policy. Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System represents a significant reform effort in Indonesia by introducing the concept of diversion to address juvenile delinquency. Diversion allows for the resolution of juvenile cases outside the formal criminal justice process, under certain conditions, to avoid stigmatization and promote restorative justice. This study employs a normative juridical approach through legal comparison. The research specification is descriptive, utilizing secondary data sources and types. Data collection is based on literature/documents, and the data analysis technique used is qualitative analysis. The JCJS Law in Indonesia needs clearer and more comprehensive regulations regarding recidivism. Furthermore, the JCJS Law tends to focus more on the recovery and reintegration of juveniles, with insufficient emphasis on preventing recidivism. There is a conceptual change in recidivism within the Indonesian Criminal Code. The Dutch Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht), which has traditionally applied a special recidivism concept with an intermediate system, will be changed to an "Algemene Recidive" system. Article 112 of the Indonesian Criminal Code stipulates the obligation to seek diversion for juveniles.