Land Tenure Insecurity and Agricultural Recovery: Evidence from Displaced Farmers in North-Central Nigeria

North-central Nigeria is currently dealing with a difficult situation as farmers who have been forced from their land are finding it hard to regain their ability to grow crops because of uncertain land ownership. This study examined the effect of the land rights violation on agricultural output among displaced returnees in the region. Using a multistage sampling method, we collected data from 854 respondents in conflict-affected states in north central Nigeria. The data was then analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares regression analysis. Drawing from the data collected across the selected states affected by farmers-herders conflict in North-central Nigeria, the study revealed that unclear land ownership and the lack of formal land titles affect returnees’ negatively affect returnees’ willingness to invest in agricultural land. The findings of this study indicated that violations of the land rights, whether through conflict or land encroachment, result in lower income and productivity levels for displaced individuals returning to their land. Surprisingly, the study revealed that assistance provided during displacement did not have a significant impact on the ability of returnees to resume economic activities. Based on these findings, this study recommends enhancing property rights policies on land and resources in rural communities to promote agricultural recovery and food security in conflict-affected areas such as North-central Nigeria. This study adds to current knowledge by analysing quantitative data to explore the connection between land tenure insecurity and agricultural output among displaced farmers. The results highlight the importance of secure land rights in influencing the recovery and economic activities of displaced farmers when they return.