Chirally-coupled-ring fibers for arbitrary-order orbital angular momentum mode generation and detection

A novel chirally-coupled-ring fiber (CCRF) is proposed for efficiently generating and detecting arbitrary-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in ring-core fibers (RCFs). The CCRF comprises inner and outer cores, N angularly uniformly distributed dielectric rods, and a cladding layer. These rods, twisted along the fiber axis between the cores, introduce angular geometry perturbations to manipulate the core modes. Through meticulous theoretical modeling and systematic analysis grounded in coupled-mode theory, we reveal CCRF eigenmodes carrying spin-entangled OAM, elucidate the mode coupling and power transfer in CCRFs, and present the CCRF design principle. Utilizing the full-vector beam propagation method, we carry out a proof-of-principle experimental system to demonstrate the capability of CCRFs in OAM mode manipulation and their feasibility and superiority in system-level applications. Additionally, we generate OAM modes across a wide range of topological charges from ℓ = -8 to ℓ = 8 using CCRFs, with conversion efficiencies from 92.10