Decellularization of macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii: A potential cellulose-based biomaterial for tissue engineering

Introduction: The success of tissue engineering depends on the characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, such as mechanical strength, porosity, and biocompatibility. These scaffolds are essential both in vitro and in vivo, as they better replicate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Cellulose, abundant in nature, is a prime candidate due to its biocompatibility, adaptable biomechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness. It has been explored for applications for cardiac, cartilage, and bone tissue engineering. This study aimed at the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of decellularized Eucheuma cottonii using SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) to assess its potential as a tissue engineering scaffold. Methods: Macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii were cut into small pieces and then immersed in three different concentrations of SDS solution, namely 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%. The samples were then agitated using a rotary shaker at 160 RPM for four days. The decellularized macroalgae were processed histologically and stained with Hematoxyline-eosin (H&E). In addition, microscopic characterizations were also assessed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Results: The results indicated the absence of nuclei or cellular contents with intact ECM, confirming acellular microarchitecture, in the decellularized Eucheuma cottoni with 1% SDS. Remarkably, SEM analysis also revealed the porous structure of decellularized Eucheuma cottonii with pore sizes ranging from 5 to 30 μm. Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrated the potential of decellularized macroalgae as alternative nature scaffolds. Decellularized Eucheuma cottonii tissues are expected to be cellulose-based biomaterials for candidate biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo in future studies.