Cosmological constraints from the full-shape galaxy power spectrum in SDSS-III BOSS using the BACCO hybrid Lagrangian bias emulator

We present a novel analysis of the redshift-space power spectrum of galaxies in the SDSS-III BOSS survey. Our methodology improves upon previous analyses by using a theoretical model based on cosmological simulations coupled with a perturbative description of the galaxy-matter connection and a phenomenological prescription of Fingers of God. This enables a very robust analysis down to mildly non-linear scales, k~ 0.4\,h\, Mpc⁻¹. We carried out a number of tests on mock data, different subsets of BOSS, and using model variations, all of which support the robustness of our analysis. Our results provide constraints on σ₈, Ωₘ, h, and S₈ ≡ σ₈ √Ωₘ/0.3. Specifically, we measure Ωₘ=0.301± 0.011, σ₈=0.745+0.028-0.035, h=0.705± 0.015, and S₈ = 0.747+0.032-0.039 when all the nuisance parameters of our model are left free. By adopting relationships among bias parameters measured in galaxy formation simulations, the value of S₈ remains consistent whereas uncertainties are reduced by ~20%. Our cosmological constraints are some of the strongest obtained with the BOSS power spectrum alone: they exhibit a 2.5-3.5σ tension with the results of the { Planck\/} satellite, agreeing with the lower values of S₈ derived from gravitational lensing. However, the cosmological model preferred by { Planck\/} is still a good fit to the BOSS data, assuming small departures from physical bias priors and, therefore, cannot be excluded at high significance. We conclude that, at the present, the BOSS data alone does not show strong evidence for a tension between the predictions of ΛCDM for the high- and low-redshift Universe.