Exploring the Effects of Different Torque and Speed Parameters on Smear Layer and Microcrack Formation in Apical Dentin of Root Canals with Single File Instrumentation

Modern Research in Dentistry Exploring the Effects of Different Torque and Speed Parameters on Smear Layer and Microcrack Formation in Apical Dentin of Root Canals with Single File Instrumentation Christine Anastasia Rovani1,2#, Syamsiah Syam3#, Hiroyuki Nakano4, Nurhayati Natsir2, Maria Tanumihardja2, Muhammad Yusran5, Nurwira6, Juni Jekti Nugroho2 and Chung-Ming Liu7* 1Graduate Institute of Dental Science, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taiwan 2Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 3Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia 4Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan 5Teaching Hospital of Dental and Oral Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90153,Indonesia 6Regional Public Hospital KH. Hayyung, Selayar Island 92812, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 7Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan *Corresponding author: Chung-Ming Liu, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan #These authors contributed equally to this work. Submission: June 24, 2024;Published: July 08, 2024 DOI: 10.31031/MRD.2024.08.000681 ISSN:2637-7764Volume8 Issue2