Evaluating windcatchers in UAE heritage architecture: A pathway to zero-energy cooling solutions

This research investigates the sustainability potential of traditional architecture, with a specific focus on the application of windcatchers as passive ventilation systems in hot and arid climates. This study fills a significant knowledge gap concerning the integration and performance of such traditional systems in modern architectural designs, particularly within various climates of the UAE. Employing a combination of (CFD) simulation and real-time temperature monitoring in buildings equipped with windcatchers, the research compares these results with those from buildings lacking such systems across different seasons. Findings indicate that windcatchers significantly outperform conventional cooling systems. They maintained indoor temperatures below 20 °C in January and below 30 °C during the peak heat of April. The most striking results occurred during July and September's midday heat, where temperatures stayed below 35 °C, significantly cooler compared to nearly 40 °C in non-windcatcher environments. Furthermore, windcatchers achieved these temperature reductions without any energy consumption, leading to considerable savings in operational costs and a reduction in carbon emissions by 74 to 111 kg CO2e monthly. The study confirms that integrating windcatchers into modern UAE buildings is not only viable but also enhances environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. This integration supports cultural heritage while addressing modern environmental challenges, marking windcatchers as a crucial element in sustainable building design.