Optimized high‐dose granulocyte transfusions for the treatment of infections in neutropenic patients: A single‐center retrospective analysis

Background Granulocyte transfusions for patients with prolonged neutropenia and severe infections has been a controversial practice. Previous studies suggest a benefit of high‐dose granulocyte transfusions (≥0.6 × 10 9 /kg), although, until recently, the consistent production of high‐dose units has been challenging. Here, we present our experience and results utilizing high‐dose granulocyte transfusions at a large, tertiary academic medical center for the treatment of infections in adult, neutropenic patients. Study Design/Methods A retrospective chart review (2018–2021) was conducted for all patients who received high‐dose granulocyte transfusions from donors stimulated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and dexamethasone. Gathered parameters included patient demographics, clinical history, infection status, dose, clinical outcomes, pre‐ and post‐absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and transfusion times including time between granulocyte collection, administration, and posttransfusion ANC count. Gathered parameters were summarized using descriptive statistics, outcomes were assessed utilizing Kaplan–Meier curves/log‐rank/regression testing. Results Totally 28 adult, neutropenic patients refractory to antimicrobial agents and/or G‐CSF received a total of 173 granulocyte concentrates. Median ANC increased from 0.7 × 10 9 /L pre‐transfusion to 1.6 × 10 9 /L posttransfusion. The mean granulocyte yield was 77.4 × 10 9 resulting in an average dose per kilogram of 0.90 × 10 9 ± 0.30 × 10 9 granulocytes. Composite day 42 survival and microbial response was 42.9% ( n = 12/28) without significant adverse reactions. Discussion Here, we demonstrate the successful and safe implementation of high‐dose granulocyte transfusions for neutropenic patients. Given the rapid and consistent production, distribution, and improved granulocyte quality, further investigations to determine the clinical efficacy of G‐CSF primed granulocyte transfusions is now possible.