Figure 6 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei

Association of autophagy and the activity of transporters of amino acids. The association of autophagy with the activity of SLC1A5 and LAT1 was evaluated through confocal microscopy and flow cytometry and by using both an activator of autophagy (rapamycin 8 µmol/L, 24 hours) and an inhibitor (chloroquine, 40 µmol/L, 24 hours) as well as the specific inhibition of SLC1A5 and LAT1 using GPNA (25 mmol/L) and BCH (5 mmol/L), respectively. A, Confocal images showing SLC1A5 intracellular distribution in HGSOC cells during autophagy blocking autophagy induction (B). C, Graphs indicate percentages of autophagy flux in HGSOC cells during specific inhibition of SLC1A5 activity (GNPA, 5 mmol/L) and manipulation of claudin-4 expression. D, Graphs indicate percentages of autophagy flux in HGSOC cells during specific inhibition of LAT1 (BCH, 25 mmol/L). (Two-tailed Unpaired t test and Mann–Whitney test; Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons; One way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test; three independent experiments; significance, P < 0.05). Graphs show mean and SEM, scale bar, 20 µm.