Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Cold Seawater Immersion Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock

Cold seawater immersion aggravates hemorrhagic shock-induced homeostasis imbalance and organ dysfunction, leading to increased mortality. Previous studies have shown that treatments targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have limited efficacy for cold seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock (SIHS). Thus, the mechanisms responsible for SIHS need further investigation.