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Abstract Introduction The ILO has now recognized safety and health as a universal fundamental right at work. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is a long and daunting task. India, with almost 25% of the global labour force, is a glaring example of challenges in achieving this objective among LMICs. Methods India faces unique challenges in occupational health (OH) service delivery. Limited resources and disparities in healthcare infrastructure can hinder access to quality OH services, especially for marginalized populations. India is a country of paradoxes with the best and worst examples. Its diverse economic landscape encompasses large, medium, small, and microenterprises. Larger organizations have more resources and infrastructure to support OH programs, while smaller entities may struggle to implement comprehensive OH services, leaving many workers without access. Results In India, OH is the mandate of the labour and employment ministry, while delivery of health services is the mandate of the health ministry. And these two ministries seldom interact. OH service delivery varies significantly across different sectors. Organized industries have established OH programs, while the service and agricultural sectors lag behind. Conclusion Capacity building, infrastructure and awareness are the main challenges. Promoting OH as a fundamental right at work requires collaboration between government, industry, and civil society to ensure that all workers, regardless of their economic status, organization size, work model, or occupational sector, have equitable access to essential OH services and protections. The Indian Association of Occupational Health is a professional organization engaged in advocacy and awareness creation and is playing the role of a facilitator.
Shah et al. (Mon,) studied this question.