The effect of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function tests in older adults with heart and pulmonary diseases: A randomized trial

In the coming years, the aging population is expected to increase significantly. As people age, their respiratory system undergoes structural and physiological changes, making it difficult to define "normal" limits and distinguish between disease and normal aging. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these changes on individuals over 60 years old, both healthy and those with heart or pulmonary diseases, and to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on them. We used a spirometer to assess respiratory muscle activity daily, measuring Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) during three weeks of HIIT in 200 participants over 60 years old. The results showed significant improvements in FEV1, MVV, and the FEV1/FVC ratio after HIIT, suggesting that HIIT positively impacts pulmonary function. Additionally, there was a positive association between MVV and FEV1, and an improvement in FVC was observed. Our findings indicate that HIIT enhances pulmonary function tests and strengthens respiratory muscles in both healthy individuals and patients over 60 years old.