Searching for Leadership in Pakistan in the Twenty-First Century: Agency-Structure Conflict Management (2013-2023)

The paper interprets different relationships between people and leaders using an interpretive method. We observe that individuals can make choices based on perspectives relevant to their values and traditions. However, social structures influence those choices through power abuse in third-world/developing countries. Pakistan may be the glaring example in this perspective. Therefore, we interpretively explain the leadership crises in the country. The social evils, corruption, social injustice, dynastic politics, personality cults, idiosyncrasy, and enslaved people among both leaders and the led. The findings are mainly drawn from the researchers' observation through the inductive method, and conclusions are made from primary and secondary sources. We conclude that efficient leadership is essential to manage Pakistan’s socio-political and economic crises. The research emphasizes and demands from leaders fighting against corruption, promoting social justice, and respecting people’s mandate. We call for diminishing dynastic politics and personality cults and promoting popular leadership from mainstream social strata in Pakistan.