We have numerically investigated close scattering processes of two black holes (BHs). Our careful analysis shows for the first time a nonmerging ringdown gravitational wave induced by dynamical tidal deformations of individual BHs during their close encounter. The ringdown wave frequencies turn out to agree well with the quasinormal ones of a single BH in perturbation theory, despite its distinctive physical context from the merging case. Our study shows a new type of gravitational waveform and opens up a new exploration of strong gravitational interactions using BH encounters.
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Bae et al. (2024) studied this question.
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