Exploring perceived naturalness and diverse landscape service appreciation a Q methodology study in Ansan city park

This study aimed to explore Perceived Naturalness and diverse Landscape Appreciation based on landscape theory and to explore variations in naturalness perception among 25 users of Ansan city park using Q methodology. The results of the study identified six distinct groups representing different aspects of natural landscape appreciation, indicating significant variations in preferences for natural environments. The study found that while naturalness awareness had a common Processing model from an evolutionary perspective, it could be perceived differently based on individual experience and intimacy with nature. Overall, this study identified shared patterns in landscape perception related to perceived naturalness while highlighting individual differences in naturalness preferences.