Gender Identity and Cognition in Bangla Nursery Rhymes

This paper examines the construction of male and female identities and gender cognition in Bangla nursery rhymes. Data include 34 selected rhymes, which were analysed following a qualitative content analysis method. The findings reveal both essentialist and non-essentialist gender constructions in the rhymes. On one hand, unlike men, women have less freedom of action, decision-making power, equal rights, and facilities for their physical and mental development, and on the other hand, there are also gender inclusive rhymes that acknowledge (young) women’s physical mobility, agency, and socio-economic contributions. Mothers are essentially represented as diligently and positively responsive to both daughters and sons, while girls’ health and creativity are highlighted in the modern rhymes. Thus, Bangla nursery rhymes reflect diversified gender identities and beliefs that encapsulate both traditional and emerging male and female roles.