Muscle Moment Arm–Joint Angle Relations in the Hip, Knee, and Ankle: A Visualization of Datasets

Muscle moment arm is a property that associates muscle force with joint moment and is crucial to biomechanical analysis. In musculoskeletal sim-ulations, the accuracy of moment arm is as important as that of muscle force, and moment arm calibration requires data from anatomical measure-ments. Nonetheless, such data are elusive, and the complex relation between moment arm and joint angle can be unclear. Using common techniques in systematic review, we collected a total of 300 moment arm datasets from literature and visualized the muscle moment arm–joint angle relations in the hip, knee, and angle. The findings contribute to the understanding and anal-ysis of musculoskeletal mechanics, as well as providing reference regarding the experimental design for future moment arm measurements.