Variation in Wood Density Among Picea abies Provenances in the Romanian Carpathians

Wood density is an intricate trait that encapsulates water transport, growth, and productivity. It is probably the most used parameter to deduce wood quality. In this study, the wood density of 81 European provenances of Norway spruce tested in three provenance trials from the Romanian Carpathians was analysed and compared at 49 years after planting. We also analysed the correlations between wood density and the provenances’ geographic coordinates, as well as other traits, such as diameter at breast height, total height, and survival rate. For the genetic variance analysis of the wood density in each provenance trial and across sites, linear mixed models were used. Significant differences between the Norway spruce provenances regarding wood density were found only in the Dorna Candrenilor trial, where the mean wood density per provenance had values ranging from 0.311 ± 0.030 g/cm3 to 0.356 ± 0.019 g/cm3. No significant correlations between wood density and the provenances’ geographic coordinates were found. Negative correlations were found between wood density and the other traits analysed. Provenances with good performances in provenance trials could be used in assisted migration.