Spatiotemporally responsive cascade bilayer microneedles integrating local glucose depletion and sustained nitric oxide release for accelerated diabetic wound healing

High glucose level, bacterial infection, and persistent inflammation within the microenvironment are key factors contributing to the delay of diabetic ulcers healing, while traditional therapeutic methods generally fail to address these issues simultaneously. Here, we present a spatiotemporally responsive cascade bilayer microneedle (MN) patch for accelerating diabetic wound healing