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Advancing electrode materials with high adsorption capacity and fast rate is crucial for seawater desalination in capacitive deionization (CDI). Here, we propose a highly oriented, densified graphene (HODG) electrode characterized by its ordered/short ion transport channels, abundant oxygen functional groups, high packing density (1.374 g cm–3), and large specific surface area (543.72 m2 g–1), facilitating exceptional fast ion diffusion and ultrahigh volumetric desalination capacity. HODG delivers a volumetric capacitance of 308 F cm–3 at 1 A g–1, and a record-high volumetric salt adsorption capacity (v-SAC) of 57.70 mg cm–3 with a rapid rate of 1.92 mg cm–3 min–1 at 1.2 V in 1000 mg L–1 NaCl. Even after 50 cycles of adsorption–desorption, it can still retain 91.36% of its initial desalination capacity. This proposed design strategy offers a new avenue for the rational optimization of graphene architectures, boosting the development of high-performance CDI electrode materials toward practical applications.
Zhao et al. (Mon,) studied this question.