Microfluidic Insights into the Effects of Reservoir and Operational Parameters on Foamy Oil Flow Dynamics during Cyclic Solvent Injection: Reservoir-on-the-Chip Aided Experimental and Numerical Studies

This study examines the microfluidic characterization of foamy oil flow dynamics in heterogeneous porous media. A total of 12 microfluidic CSI experiments were conducted using reservoir-on-the-chip platforms. In addition, detailed PVT analysis was performed to characterise the heavy oil/solvent systems. Moreover, a numerical model constructed with CMG software package (2021.10) has been validated against the experimental findings in this study. A clear-cut visualization study provided by microfluidic systems revealed that factors including solvent type, pressure depletion rate, and reservoir parameters have a significant impact on foamy oil flow extension. It was found that a solvent containing a higher CO2 content demonstrated more effective performance compared with other solvent compositions, owing to its capability to reduce viscosity, enhance swelling, and offer more gas molecules due to its superior solubility. Additionally, a high pressure-depletion rate amplifies the driving force for bubble nucleation, as well as reducing the amount of time available for bubble coalescence. In addition, lower reservoir porosity impedes bubble movement and delays coalescence, thus extending the foamy oil flow. Furthermore, with the aid of a robust image analysis technique, it was discovered that utilizing 100% CO2 as a solvent resulted in a 17% increase in oil recovery over using 50% CO2 and 50% CH4. Furthermore, a 6% increase in oil recovery was achieved by applying a fast pressure depletion rate as opposed to a slow pressure depletion rate. Moreover, the numerical model constructed was found to be accurate in adjusting heavy oil recovery with an average relative error of 7.7%.