Morphofunctional features of inflammation in the ovary after exposure to local electron irradiation and platelet-rich plasma administration

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs can lead to radiation-induced damage to healthy ovarian tissue, premature ovarian failure, and infertility. Research on reactive changes in the ovaries in response to electron irradiation and testing of radioprotective agents, such as platelet-rich plasma, remains relevant. AIM: This study aimed to assess the inflammatory response in the ovary after platelet-rich plasma administration in a radiation-induced ovarian failure model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fragments of the ovaries of four groups (I, control (n=10); II, fractional irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy (n=10); III, fractional irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy + platelet-rich plasma (n=10), and IV, platelet-rich plasma (n=10)) were studied histologically and immunohistochemically using antibodies to pro- (interleukin [IL]-1 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines, as well as CD3 and CD20. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical study revealed that electron irradiation led to an increase in the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the number of CD3+ and CD20+ immunocompetent cells in the interstitial tissue of the ovaries, fractionally irradiated with electrons at a total dose of 20 Gy. The T-cell component was predominant over the B-cell component. Moreover, pre-irradiation administration of platelet-rich plasma contributed to a smaller change in the degree of morphological changes, expression of pro- (IL-1 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, and proportion of CD3+ and CD20+ immunocompetent cells in the interstitial tissue of the ovaries. In addition, the T-cell component of immunity was predominant. CONCLUSION: Components of platelet-rich plasma, having anti-inflammatory and radioprotective properties, reduce the severity of inflammatory response (based on expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and number of T and Bimmunocompetent cells, which slow down the development of radiation-induced ovarian failure when exposed to fractional local irradiation with electrons in a total dose of 20 Gy.