Analysis of the prevalence of detoxification system genes (GSTM1, GSTT1) with regard to ethnicity and environmental characteristics of the region of residence

Glutathione S-transferase superfamily genes ( GSTT1, GSTM1 ) encode phase II detoxification system enzymes; their mutations increase the sensitivity of the organism to the impact of damaging factors and the development of various diseases. Objective: to present the ecological and ethnic features of the distribution of polymorphic variants of these genes based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. The article describes the functional effects of genetic polymorphisms and shows the different frequency of polymorphic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes depending on race in Russia and the world. Special attention is given to the prevalence features of detoxification gene polymorphisms among the indigenous and migrant populations of the Amur region. Based on the literature data analysis, the conclusion is made about the importance of considering ethnic background, living conditions, and the state of "predisposition" genes for developing a personalized approach to prediction, prevention, and treatment.