Land-Use Composition, Distribution Patterns, and Influencing Factors of Villages in the Hehuang Valley, Qinghai, China, Based on UAV Photogrammetry

Rapid changes in land use have rendered existing data for land-use classification insufficient to meet the current data requirements for rural revitalization and improvements in the living environment. Therefore, we used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing imagery and an object-based human-assisted approach to obtain ultra-high-resolution land-use data for 55 villages and accurately analyzed village land-use composition and distribution patterns. The highest proportion of land use in the villages is built-up land (33.01% ± 8.89%), and the proportion of road land is 17.76% ± 6.92%. The proportions for forest land and grassland are 16.41% ± 7.80% and 6.51% ± 4.93%, respectively. The average size of the villages is 25.85 ± 17.93 hm2, which is below the national average. The villages have a relatively scattered distribution, mostly concentrated on both sides of the main roads. The correlation analysis indicates that mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (AP) are the primary factors influencing the land-use composition of villages, with contribution rates of 50.56% and 12.51%, respectively. The use of UAV remote sensing imagery to acquire ultra-high-resolution land-use data will provide a scientific basis for the planning of the living environment in the villages of the Hehuang Valley.