Utilizing Muscle Energy Techniques for Biomechanical Changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Variations in Outcomes Based on Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Classification

These muscles shorten so as to adapt to this increase in workload, therefore become overactive. 1,2Studies 1,2 show that following IntroductIonMuscle energy techniques (METs) are manipulative interventions currently under investigation for their impact not only within the musculoskeletal domain, but also in the changes observed in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 1,2These techniques are considered safer compared to high velocity manipulations due to their absence of rapid thrust, which could lead to adverse effects, including potential neurovascular complications. 3,4These manual techniques have been observed to target the resultant changes to the musculoskeletal system. 3,4uch changes take place following flattening and shortening of the diaphragm. 3,4As a result of these chronic adaptations, respiratory muscles work at their maximum capacity to meet the demands required during ventilation which therefore result in an increase in the work of breathing. 3,4As a compensatory mechanism for such changes, the accessory muscles of respiration are recruited. 1,