Progress in the construction and application of neural organoids

With the establishment of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or tissue-resident stem cells/progenitor cells can be cultured in vitro to produce structures similar to organs, called "organoids".Compared with the traditional model, neural organoids have unique advantages, such as being able to perform high-throughput drug screening, organ development simulation in vitro, and predict the individual response to drugs more accurately. Therefore, combining the advantages of organoid models with traditional models will open up new avenues for human biology. Based on these advantages, neural organoids have become an in vitro model that has attracted much attention in recent years. This review summarized the current research progress of neural organoid models, and discuss the challenges and development prospects of neural organoids.