A Bi-level Programming Model for Optimal EV Charging Scheduling and Operation in Residential Communities

Abstract t: This study addresses the challenge of disorderly large-scale electric vehicle (EV) charging 1 and its impact on distribution networks by focusing on residential communities as key EV gathering 2 places. We propose a dynamic pricing environment and develop a bi-level programming model 3 capturing the relationship between retailers and EV owners (EVOs). By transforming the bi-level 4 programming into a mixed-integer linear programming problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker 5 conditions and the duality theorem, we obtain an optimal pricing strategy that benefits both parties. 6 We conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the impact of various factors on the pricing strategy, 7 offering insights for retailers’ scheduling and operational decisions. The efficacy of the proposed 8 algorithm is demonstrated through a case study, highlighting its potential to guide decisions for both 9 retailers and EVOs in residential community EV charging. This work contributes to managing the 10 increasing prevalence of electric vehicles and their impact on power distribution networks, fostering 11 sustainable and efficient energy management strategies in residential communities.