Epidemiological profile of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery with extracorporeal circulation in a reference hospital in Maranhão

Myocardial revascularization is a procedure indicated in situations in which there are significant obstructions in the coronary arteries. Therefore, given the heterogeneity of the Brazilian population, the objective was to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in Maranhão. This is an analytical, longitudinal, descriptive and retrospective cohort study, carried out in the Cardiovascular Surgery Service of a reference hospital in São Luís - Maranhão. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under consolidated opinion no. 6,678,093. With a sample consisting of 104 patients who underwent surgery between January 2022 and July 2023. The exclusion criteria were patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass was not used and who underwent associated cardiac surgery, such as valve replacement and congenital corrections. During the period analyzed, 102 individuals aged between 41 and 88 years were evaluated, with an average of 63.9 years. The cardiovascular risk factors found were: systemic arterial hypertension (81.40%), diabetes mellitus (52.90%), dyslipidemia (25.50%), smoking (40.20%) and alcohol consumption (33.30%) . A history of acute myocardial infarction was identified in 36.30% of cases. Predominance of male patients (65.69%) and mixed race. The observed mortality was 12.70%. The data analyzed are consistent with the literature. However, some articles state that the ethnicity is predominantly white, which goes against the present study, with a predominance of brown ethnicity. The possible hypothesis to justify this finding is the fact that hypertension, a comorbidity with the highest incidence, is predominant in black or brown ethnicities. Therefore, this discovery highlights the importance of continuous investigations into epidemiological characteristics and social aspects that are determinant for this variation, in order to accurately identify these changes and improve the clinical outcomes of future diagnoses in Maranhão.