High-grade AV block affects around 0.04% of the population. In the elderly, it is mostly attributed to age-related conduction system degeneration. On the other hand, high-grade AV block in young adults is rare. It prompts the search for a structural abnormality or a systemic disease such as infections, auto-immune diseases, sarcoidosis, and rare diseases as mitochondrial mutation syndromes.
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Tarek Hammouda (2024) studied this question.
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