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An efficient site-independent, rule-based, four-spring model for the design of monopiles in clays is presented. DSS stress-strain curves are scaled to derive a set of default lateral load, distributed moment, base shear, and base moment soil reaction curves as a function of the soil OCR and plasticity index. The model is used to hindcast seven lateral load tests on monopiles in soils conditions ranging from soft clays to glacial tills and shows good agreement with the measured loads, displacements, and bending moments. The paper also explores challenges related to the geo-materials encountered in offshore wind developments with a focus on those found in US waters which include glauconitic sands, carbonate materials, claystones, siltstones and bedrock.
Jeanjean et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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