PD‐L1 expression in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer is associated with sex and genetic alterations: A retrospective study within the Caucasian population

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is a well-established biomarker for predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and certain targeted therapies. As a result, treatment strategies for patients vary based on their PD-L1 expression status. Understanding the clinical features of patients with distinct PD-L1 levels is crucial for personalized treatment approaches.