Akt2 deficiency impairs Th17 differentiation, augments Th2 differentiation, and alters the peripheral response to immunization

Akt1 and Akt2, isoforms of the serine threonine kinase Akt, are essential for T cell development. However, their role in peripheral T cell differentiation remains undefined. Using mice with germline deletions of either Akt1 or Akt2, we found that both isoforms are important for Th17 differentiation, although Akt2 loss had a greater impact than loss of Akt1. In contrast to defective IL-17 production, Akt2 −/− T cells exhibited enhanced IL-4 production in vitro under Th2 polarizing conditions. In vivo , Akt2 −/− mice displayed significantly diminished IL-17A and GM-CSF production following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). This dampened response was associated with further alterations in Th cell differentiation including decreased IFNγ production but preserved IL-4 production, and preferential expansion of regulatory T cells compared to non-regulatory CD4 T cells. Taken together, we identify Akt2 as an important signaling molecule in regulating peripheral CD4 T cell responses.