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Abstract Offshore Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems are gaining attention due to the high Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) of PV panels and offshore structures. Numerous offshore FPV design proposals exist, but none have yet met industrial standards. The designs fall into two main categories: membrane type supported by a floating collar/air cushion and modular structure type comprising interconnected FPV modules. This paper uses semi-analytical methods to optimize the modular structure type design, considering fabrication cost, module stability, and hydrodynamic response in waves.
Jin et al. (Sun,) studied this question.