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Abstract A modular based mathematical model is adopted to predict the maneuvering performance of surface ships in calm water. The model coefficients are determined from a series of captive model simulations performed with computational fluid dynamics. The accuracy of the mathematical model is evaluated for turning circle and zig-zag maneuvers by comparison against free running model test data and high-fidelity simulations. Reasonable agreement in predicted maneuvering characteristics is obtained between the mathematical model and model test data; 3–5% averaged relative error in trajectory parameters for 25° and 35° turning circle and 20-20 zig-zag maneuvers. Sensitivity of the mathematical model to a set of propeller-rudder interaction parameters is demonstrated by 5–7% deviations about the mean in turning circle characteristics. Sensitivity of the zig-zag maneuver to the interaction parameters is less pronounced. Influence of the propeller side force on the maneuvering performance is examined and over 20% reduction in the steady turn diameter is found in absence of the side force. Importance of the propeller side force in the zig-zag maneuver is also described.
Aram et al. (Sun,) studied this question.