Computer vision has become crucial to autonomous systems, helping them navigate complex environments. Combining this with geospatial data further provides capability to geolocate the system when GPS is not available or trusted. A test bed was built to characterize the visibility of radio and cellular towers from a ground-vehicle across all atmospheric transmission bands. These targets are exemplary features because of their visibility over long distances and surveyed geolocation. Contrast measurements of targets were characterized and compared in each spectral window under different environmental conditions. Utilizing human perception to build NVIPM models provided predictable range performance for each band.
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Martino et al. (2024) studied this question.