Gut Microbiota in Circadian Rhythm and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes a significant burden in society. However, the underlying pathology is still poorly understood. In addition to its classic suggested pathways, recent research also indicated that neuroinflammation may be a potential trigger of AD. Meanwhile, rhythm disruption may stimulate a systemic pro-inflammatory state. According to clinical studies, the altered gut microbiota composition has been reported in AD as well as sleep-deprived patients. These changes include the increased pro-inflammatory microbiota proportion, which has been found to induce neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, β-amyloid (Aβ) production, and accumulation that may eventually lead to AD progression. Therefore, changes in gut microbiota have been suggested to be a potential linkage between rhythm disruption and AD.