The Dynamic Spectrum of Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations in HIV Infected Patients - An Observational Study in A Tertiary Care Centre in India

Aim: To study and estimate the prevalence of the various otorhinolaryngological manifestations in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Material and Methods: This study, conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology (E.N.T) in J.J. Hospital, India, involved 100 HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and above, who were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the study objectives. Demographic and clinical data were collected, analysed using appropriate tools following clinical history-taking and examination. Results: In this study, the male to female ratio was 3:1 with the commonest age group being 48- 57 years. Oral manifestations were the most common with oral candidiasis seen in 23 % of the patients followed by herpes labialis (9%). Otologic findings were seen in 29 % of the patients, chronic otitis media (14%) being the commonest. Nasal pathology was found in 13% with commonest being rhinosinusitis (7%). A statistically significant but weak inverse relationship was seen between CD4 counts and a history of COVID-19(p = 0.006). Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy significantly influenced the prevalence and reduced the severity of otorhinolaryngological manifestations in HIV patients, emphasizing the importance of early detection and management. Comprehensive healthcare models integrating virologic suppression and otolaryngological health management are crucial for enhancing outcomes and well-being in HIV patients.