Entangling four logical qubits beyond break-even in a nonlocal code

Quantum error correction protects logical quantum information against environmental decoherence by encoding logical qubits into entangled states of physical qubits. One of the most important near-term challenges in building a scalable quantum computer is to reach the break-even point, where logical quantum circuits on error-corrected qubits achieve higher fidelity than equivalent circuits on uncorrected physical qubits. Using Quantinuum's H2 trapped-ion quantum processor, we encode the GHZ state in four logical qubits with fidelity 99. 5 0. 15 \% F 99. 7 0. 1\% (after postselecting on over 98% of outcomes). Using the same quantum processor, we can prepare an uncorrected GHZ state on four physical qubits with fidelity 97. 8 0. 2 \% F 98. 7 0. 2\%. The logical qubits are encoded in a \![ 25, 4, 3 \!] Tanner-transformed long-range-enhanced surface code. Logical entangling gates are implemented using simple swap operations. Our results are a first step towards realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation with logical qubits encoded in geometrically nonlocal quantum low-density parity check codes.