Wearable haptic interface for feedback in swimming

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The escalating importance of wearable devices in sports, particularly those incorporating real-time biomechanical feedback, necessitates innovative solutions for user engagement. This study addresses the challenge of delivering such feedback through haptic actuators in aquatic environments. A waterproof wearable device featuring six haptic actuators, a wirelessly connected control circuit, and a microcontroller was engineered for this purpose. An exploratory study, involving 34 participants, was conducted to comprehensively assess human perception of haptic interfaces. The study encompassed eight distinct tests, considering three independent variables: Placement, Environment, and Action. Tests were conducted with the device worn at the waist and head, both in and out of water, and during both movement and stationary states. Expert evaluations correspond to results and endorse both mounting positions, favoring head mounting. Each test session involved exposure to 20 unique symbols, with distinct actuators activated for each symbol. The outcomes of this exploratory study are presented and discussed, providing insights into the challenges and potentials of utilizing haptic actuators for real-time biomechanical feedback in aquatic environments.