Abstract Purpose This study examines the production of biochar from sugarcane bagasse and olive mill waste, focusing on its elemental composition, form, and functional groups, and its impact on soil immobilization. Methods The study utilized various techniques like SEM, TEM, and FTIR to describe the biochars produced from SCB and OMW, which were prepared through ball-milling and activation treatments. Results The study explores KOH interaction pathways during biomass pyrolysis, revealing larger surface areas and consistent decrease in soil trace element levels. Conclusions This study introduces ZnCl₂ chemical activation and activated carbon samples, enhancing understanding of activation procedures and biochar nanoparticles' benefits. It offers a green, sustainable solution to soil contamination.
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Radwan et al. (2024) studied this question.
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