Elemental analysis of “kampong” chicken egg shell content using a Nd-YAG laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Distinguishing between eggs laid by chickens fed organic versus chemical feed poses a formidable challenge, particularly when relying on eggshell characteristics alone. As such, this investigation was undertaken to conduct a qualitative exploration of the eggshell composition in free-range chickens, employing laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to discern varying feed treatments within the samples. To initiate the formation of micro-plasma, a Nd:YAG LIBS system has been utilized as the excitation source. The eggshells used in the study were sourced from seven distinct chicken groups subjected to diverse feeding protocols, including 100% industrial feed, 100% village feed, and its combination, and also along with eggshells from purebred chickens purchased from traditional markets. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, the seven samples utilized in this study exhibit a uniform chemical composition, encompassing both organic and inorganic elements, specifically C, O, H, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, K, Si, and S.