On the History of the Formation of Orphanages in Kazakhstan in the 1930s

The article analyzes the history of Soviet orphanages in the 1930s based on the materials of Central Kazakhstan.The authors pay special attention to the source of children's admission to orphanages, their maintenance regime, forms of financing of children's institutions, and consider the degree of equipping children's institutions with food and household goods.The authors attempted to determine the number of orphanages and the number of foster children both in Kazakhstan as a whole and in the Karaganda region in the 1930s.Based on archival materials, a picture of the daily life of the orphanage was recreated.The authors conclude that the increase in the number of orphanages and homelessness in Kazakhstan in the early 1930s was associated with a sharp increase in the number of starving people, and since the mid-1930s -due to the flow of special settlers and victims of political repression.The difficult situation in orphanages led to the escape of their pupils, which only increased the growth of homelessness.The source base for the research was archival documents from the collections of the State Academy of Russian Federation, the Administrative Okrug of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the State Agency for Accreditation for Accreditation, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, as well as materials from collections of documents and materials on the problem under study.