Socio-Economic Development of the Territories of Nomadic Peoples of the Stavropol Province in the 19th – early 20th centuries

Nomadic peoples: Kalmyks, Nogais and Turkmens in the 19th -early 20th centuries occupied the southern peripheral territories of the Russian Empire.In natural and climatic terms, the lands of the steppe Ciscaucasia were distinguished by diversity, both in soil composition and in the presence of water sources.The purpose of this study is to study, based on the analysis of documents identified in the funds of the State Archives of the Stavropol Territory, the problems of economic development of the territory of the nomadic peoples of the Stavropol province in the context of the geographical location of their nomads and climatic conditions.The integration policy of the imperial authorities in relation to nomads was focused on transferring them to a sedentary lifestyle.A number of activities aimed at spreading and supporting agriculture in their environment have had positive achievements.However, further practical experience in the development of virgin lands, both by newly minted farmers and during peasant colonization, had not entirely positive consequences, in the form of the spread of sand.As a result, in the course of the study, the authors focus on changing the course of imperial policy regarding the economic development of the territory of nomadic peoples.In conclusion, it was concluded that from the second half of the 19th century.The imperial authorities tried to neutralize the consequences of the invasion into the traditional environment of the nomads by organizing measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of cattle breeding, which gave some positive results.Attempts are being made to address the issue of water supply, organize exhibition events in the field of agriculture, with the active involvement of foreigners.By attracting professional help, at the expense of public capital, non-Russian communities are gradually becoming involved in selective cattle breeding, gardening, melon growing and vegetable gardening.