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Indonesia, as the largest nutmeg producer in the world, must continue to improve its performance, both upstream and downstream, in order to continue to increase its competitiveness. The nutmeg essential oil refining agro-industry in Indonesia, one of the downstream industries, generally still uses a production process which can be said to have not experienced any real changes from the past, including using a distillation process for a long time, the resulting yield is not optimal, and is still unable to re-utilize liquid waste in the form of hydrosols left over from the separation of essential oils produced. Efforts that are thought to be able to overcome this problem are by implementing a circular economy approach that can accommodate economic and social activities to overcome problems in the nutmeg essential oil refining agro-industry, including through a circular material input model (circular inputs) and product life extension (product use). The purposes of this paper was to study the conceptual agro-industry of nutmeg essential oil refining in a comprehensive manner based on a review of the latest related scientific papers, such as papers downloaded from Science direct, Emerald insight, Google scholar, Garuda portal, Cross-reef as well as DOAJ.
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Utomo et al. (2024) studied this question.
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