Cholangioscopy-assisted electrocoagulation therapy with electroacupuncture device for intraductal superficial lesions or hemobilia in porcine model

With advances in and popularization of radiological and peroral cholangioscopy techniques, more and more early neoplastic lesions in the biliary duct system, including dysplasia, atypical hyperplasia, adenoma, have been identified [1] [2]. Patients with early neoplastic lesions in their biliary duct system have often faced a dilemma. Surgical treatment for such early lesions is accompanied by relatively significant trauma whereas following up with observation risks lesion progression. Moreover, to date, there are still a dearth of effective treatments for hemobilia.